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GUT 1997;41:707-709 ( November )

SCIENCE ALERT

Peyer's patch organogenesis---cytokines rule, OK?

Table Removed (Available Only in the Full Text)

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Comment

It seems that wherever one turns in mammalian biology, from conception through normal development to death, cytokines of immunological interest have become inserted as important regulators of tissue activity. Or have they? The truth is that at various stages the evolving immune system has borrowed widely to turn existing regulatory and effector molecules to new advantages.

The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) families

The TNF and TNFR families of molecules1-3 consist of the ligands TNF, lymphotoxins alpha and beta (LT-alpha , LT-beta ), nerve growth factor (NGF), Fas ligand (FasL), CD27 ligand, CD30 ligand, CD40 ligand, OX40 (CD134) ligand, and 4-1BB ligand and their receptors (which, in most cases, are ligand specific). Of the ligands, TNF, LT-alpha and NGF are secreted products, which in each ease associate to form biologically active homotrimers (LT-alpha 3 in the case of LT-alpha ). Both TNF and LT-alpha 3 are approximately equally . . . [Full text of this article]


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